Strategic Financial Valuation of Carlsberg free essay sample

Strategic and financial valuation has been a large part of what the author has focused on during his studies and therefore the author finds it very interesting to combine many of the theories studied during his studies in practice. The reason why Carlsberg has been chosen as a case is that the author finds the industry that Carlsberg operates in, i. e. the brewing industry, very interesting. The brewing industry has undergone a major consolidation phase during the last 10 years where the five largest breweries have increased their market share from 26. % to 47. 6% in 20101. Carlsberg was not a part of the top five breweries in 2000 but was the fourth largest brewery in the world in 2010, with a market share of 5. 5%2. This they have achieved by a series of acquisitions, most notably by acquiring parts of Scottish Newcastle and the acquisition of Baltic Beverage Holdings in 2008. Carlsberg is a very dynamic company that operates in over 150 countries3. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Financial Valuation of Carlsberg or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is registered on the OMX Nordic, Copenhagen Stock Exchange, and is one of the largest companies in the OMX C20 index4. As a public company Carlsberg is obliged to publish all information that might influence their share price which makes it an ideal candidate for a thorough valuation. And therefore the author would like to dig deeper into the knowledge and theory behind a strategic and financial valuation. 1. 1. Problem formulation Carlsberg? s share price has undergone serious fluctuations in the last 3 years. From peaking in late 2007 at around 621. 559 to dropping to a low of 151 in March 2009 to steadily rise again to 575 in March 20115. 1 2 Euromonitor (2011, p. 12) Euromonitor (2011, p. 11) 3 Annual Report (2009, p. 1) 4 Bloomberg Professional, 2011 5 Bloomberg Professional, 2011 5 Strategic and Financial Valuation of Carlsberg A/S This is a decline of more than 75% followed by an increase of more than 380%. Not only has Carlsberg outdone the OMXC20 index, where it weighs around 7. 58%6 of the total index, but it has also outdone the MSCI index7 by more than 200% since 2009. Analysts strongly disagree as to why Carlsberg has managed to outdo the Indexes so much in the last 5 years. One can assume that the sharp decline in 2008/9 was mostly caused by the global recession where commodity prices rose heavily and investors were afraid that the debt caused by the acquisition of Scottish Newcastle and Baltic Beverages Holding would weigh them down. However, as 2009 and 2010 passed commodity prices rose heavily8, which hit Carlsberg on the bottom line, Carlsberg managed to outdo the Indexes to such great extent. 6 7 www. nasdaqomxnordic. com The MSCI World Index is a stock market index of over 6,000 stocks in developed markets. 8 Graph in section 3. . 2. 4 6 Strategic and Financial Valuation of Carlsberg A/S Why is that? This is one of the reasons why the author finds it interesting to do a strategic and financial valuation of the firm. What are the main value drivers that cause the company’s share price to constantly rise? According to Efficient Market Theory9 (EMT) all information is embedded into current prices and changes in prices are random, and will the refore not follow any patterns or trends. If this theory holds then there must be some significant value drivers driving the company? s share price up. Or could it be that the behavioral economists are right when they argue that markets are not perfectly efficient as EMT suggests? Human errors and inabilities in interpreting market information devalue the EMT as studies have shown that regardless of the available information markets are not completely effective because investors many times do not behave rationally to given information. This tells us that prices fluctuate more due to these human biases than if the market was completely efficient. Given this information, the author wants to do his best in estimating Carlsberg? fair market value by analyzing all major factors that affect the company without any cognitive or any informative bias being included. If my own valuation differs a lot from the market price then some bias has occurred. There will unfortunately always be some subjective assumptions when doing a fundamental analysis so if my own valuation differs a lot from the market price one might question whether the valuatio n has contributed to a more effective market or has been a victim of the behavioral economics.

Infomation essays

Infomation essays The introduction of the computer has created a new type of terrorism known as informational terrorism, which presents a threat, equal to or greater than physical terrorism. E-mail bombs and attacks on internet servers are the lowest forms of informational terrorism in terms of destruction. Higher forms of informational warfare include using the internet as a catalyst to produce physical terrorism on a higher scale. The national security establishment is concerned with a new form of conflict; informational warfare.(Devost, 1) The Department of Defense definition of terrorism is "the calculated use of violence or the threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological." (Research, 1) While in physical terrorism, the perpetrator must come in contact with the target, in informational terrorism the perpetrator only needs a computer connection. Not only are the tools of information terrorism more accessible but the implications can be more devastating. In conjunction with the Internet and the infancy of its laws, the criminal justice system has fallen behind with its vague set of incoherent laws. Terroristic violence, as portrayed in Tom Clancys Clear and Present Danger, presents a serious threat to the U.S. which should be dealt not only with caution and security, but also in conjunction with response. Identifying international terrorists and their networks providing warning so that protective or deterrent measures can be taken, and gathering information on terrorist acts require a major U.S. intelligent effort. (Wilcox, 1) In Tom Clancys Clear and Present Danger, information is not correctly distributed to U.S. agents causing underestimation of enemies. To rectify the drug problem initiated by Columbia, both the United States and Columbia use ph ...

Charlemagne Quotes and Words of Wisdom

Charlemagne Quotes and Words of Wisdom In the action-adventure film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Indy and his father, professor of Medieval History Dr. Henry Jones, are running for their lives from a Nazi fighter plane strafing them with bullets. Finding themselves on a rocky beach, the senior Jones (played with aplomb by Sean Connery) pulls out his trusty umbrella and, squawking like a chicken, uses the large black apparatus to frighten a flock of seagulls, who take startled flight into the path of the plane. There they meet a gruesome fate, crashing into the windshield, getting caught in the propellers, and sending the plane careening into the hillside. As Indy (the inestimable Harrison Ford) looks on in stunned silence, his father twirls the umbrella on his shoulder and strides jauntily back up the beach. I suddenly remembered my Charlemagne, he explains. Let my armies be the rocks, and the trees, and the birds in the sky. Its a terrific moment and a wonderful line. Unfortunately, Charlemagne never said it. Ive checked. From Einhards biography to Bullfinchs Legends of Charlemagne, there is no record of this quote before it appeared in Last Crusade in 1989. It must be the creation of one of the screenwriters most likely Jeffrey Boam, who wrote the screenplay, or possibly George Lucas or Menno Meyjes, who devised the story. Whoever came up with it should be commended for its poetry it is, after all, a terrific line. But they should not be referenced as a historical source. But then, the quotes that have been attributed to Charlemagne, which go much further back than 1989, may have been creations of other writers. One source, in particular, the Monk of Saint Gall known as Notker the Stammerer, wrote a colorful biography in the 880s 70 years after Charlemagnes death that, while informative, should be taken with a grain of salt. Here are a few quotes attributed to Charlemagne. Ah, woe is me! that I was not thought worthy to see my Christian hands dabbling in the blood of those dog-headed fiends. Of the Northmen (Vikings) who had retreated before Charlemagne could engage them in battle; as related by Notker the Stammerer in De Carolo Magno, 9th century.Right action is better than knowledge; but in order to do what is right, we must know what is right. De Litteris Colendis, in Jean-Barthà ©lemy Haurà ©au, De la philosophie scolastique, 1850.To have another language is to possess a second soul. attributed; source unknownWould that I had twelve clerks so learned in all wisdom and so perfectly trained as were Jerome and Augustine.This was in conversation with Alcuin, who replied, The Maker of heaven and earth has not many like to those men and do you expect to have twelve? Related by Notker the Stammerer in De Carolo Magno.You nobles, you sons of my chiefs, you superfine dandies, you have trusted to your birth and your possessions and have set at naught my or ders to your own advancement; you have neglected the pursuit of learning and you have given yourselves over to luxury and sport, to idleness and profitless pastimes. By the King of Heaven, I take no account of your noble birth and your fine looks, though others may admire you for them. Know this for certain, that unless you make up for your former sloth by vigourous study, you will never get any favour from Charles. To noble-born students whose work was poor while lesser-born children had worked hard to write well; as related by Notker the Stammerer in De Carolo Magno.

Technology of the future Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Technology of the future - Research Paper Example Another such implementation will occur in terms of spray-on nano computers. This technology will function as miniscule robots will be sprayed onto the chests of patients. These robots will then be able to record the patient’s health and allow doctors to monitor patients with specific areas of concern. Other prominent computer technology is understood to emerge in terms of quantum computers and artificial intelligence. In these regards, it’s noted that, â€Å"A quantum computer uses quantum mechanical phenomena, such as entanglement and superposition to process data. Quantum computation aims to use the quantum properties of particles to represent and structure data† (Herzog). While quantum technology has already been implemented in a variety of computers, future contexts will be able to implement this technology to much greater extremes. In these regards future quantum technology will allow for the running of a myriad of simulations that will revolutionize the way s that agencies and institutions approach a variety of concerns. In addition such quantum technology can be utilized in processes such as cryptography, modeling and indexing large databases. Artificial intelligence is also believed to have great future potential. While the potential for future artificial intelligence is truly endless researchers have identified a number of specific areas of future development. One of the prominent areas includes gaming technology. Currently artificial intelligence is implemented prominently in a variety of gaming technological devices, both recreationally, as well as for real-world civil and military simulations (Brockman). Future technological contexts will witness... The paper tells that the late 20th century and early 21st century have witnessed rapid progress in terms of computer technology. While significant development has occurred in previous decades it’s clear that substantial change await future contexts. Some of the most prominent areas of development are believed to occur in terms of nanotechnology. There is a broad variety of communication technology that will be implemented in future contexts. Still, a number of notable future communication technologies are currently being developed. In these regards, technology is being developed wherein stolen cell-phones or computers will be able to map the walking habits of the use. Some of the most prominent such changes will occur through reductions in emissions. In terms of alternative energy sources, currently hybrid and electric technology has emerged. Still the most prominent future alternative energy source is argued to be hydrogen fuel cells. The potentials of space technology are a large and well-considered topic. In terms of some of the most sensational and romantic areas of potential future technological advancement include commercial space flights. Currently Virgin Airline CEO Sir Richard Branson has developed Virgin Galactic as a means of developing such commercial transportation. The revolutionary device of the gene chip is regarded one of the most important future benefits of the human genome project. Scientists will be able to utilize this chip to identify specific areas of genetic distress; the chip lights up and indicates these areas.

Research Methods and Design Assignment 2 - literature Review Paper

Methods and Design Assignment 2 - literature Review - Research Paper Example Brynt & Idey (2001) mentioned that they display more fantasy proneness and greater absorption (as cited in Wilson & Barber, 1981; Barber & Glass, 1962). They also experience greater imaginary involvement (as cited in Hilgard, 1979) and a strong attention focus (as cited in Kumar, Pekala & Cummings, 1996). For measuring individual differences, Braffman & Kirsch (2001), discovered two detriments i.e. â€Å"simple and go/no go reaction times†. Hypnotisability was positively related with simple reaction time and negatively with go/no go reaction time, when non hypnotic suggestibility was statistically controlled. Specific, noteworthy characteristics make some individuals more susceptible to hypnosis than others. For many years, hypnotisability scales are in practise, in both clinical and research settings. A set of standardized suggestions are used to check individuals’ responses, following standardized induction, to know the measure of hypnotic ability they possess. As hypnotisability is a stable construct, identifying its predictors would help to comprehend the individual differences observed in suggestibility (Paulson & Matthews, 2003, p.198). Barber, Spanos and Chaves (1974) proposed that individual differences in ability to respond to hypnosis could be described with the aid of imagination and absorption constructs (Paulson & Matthews, 2003, p.198-199). Absorption is termed as an individual’s characteristic, which encompasses openness, to experience changes in cognitive and emotional, state over a range of circumstances (Milling, Kirsch & Burgess, 2000, p.32). It is the capacity for self altering attention that is considered to be a significant component of hypnotisability (Green & Lynn, 2008, p.156). Highly susceptible individuals, on measures of absorption, are believed to get involved in a variety of imaginative practices (Milling, Kirsh & Burgess, 2000, p.32). Another

Nike and International Labor Practice Essay Example for Free

Nike and International Labor Practice Essay Problem Identification Established in the early 70s Nike, Inc., based in Beaverton, Oregon, USA faced a severe stream of criticism and experienced growing problems concerning their plants and employee treatment, mainly in Indonesia and Vietnam in 1988. Rising demand for Nike products, which almost doubled within a short period of time, led the company and its 350+ subcontractors to raise the production level. Series of labor problems and abuse such as cheap labor wages, poor working conditions, health and safety issues and underage workers exploitation, were the main issues Nike had to deal with. Furthermore, Nike, Inc. had to deal with managing the diversity of cultures and language barriers had to be overcome, while still be able to produce the high-quality product Nike is famous for. Throughout the 1990s Phil Knight, CEO of Nike, Inc. and the company itself lost their superb corporate image in the eye of the world and it became an international incident. Causes of Problem After establishing a name in the world, Phil Knight, decided to manufacture Nikes apparel in South Korea and Taiwan, and by 1982 already 86% of Nikes sneakers came from these two countries. Realizing that Asian countries like Indonesia, Vietnam and China provide cheaper labor cost, better government support and higher profit, Nike moved their production lines there, with Indonesia becoming an important location. In 1991, the daily minimum wage was barely $1 in Indonesia, compared to a typical daily wage of $24.40 in South Korea and a US hourly wage of about $8 in athletic shoe manufacturing. Even that the Indonesian government raised the minimum wage from 2,100 Rupiah ($1.00/day) to 2,500 Rupiah ($1.25/day), the new wage was still underneath the workers living expenses. In 1992, these issues went outside of Indonesia and even hit Washington D.C., when President Clinton introduced the task force Apparel Industry Partnership (AIP) to develop and control labor standards for foreign fact ories. Although Nike was the first one to join, they had trouble convincing people that everything went right in their plants in Asia. Ernst Young was being hired to control and audit the factories, but soon voices became loud, that there was not a really  objective view at the problems, since Nike was paying them. It hit the peak in 1997/ 1998, when TV shows, newspapers and even a movie (The Big One) were talking about the bad conditions within Nikes factories in Asia and publicly challenged Phil Knight to change the way workers were treated, compensated and how underage workers were employed. Adidas, Reebok and New Balance took advantage of Nikes down slope and gained in competitive advantage. This led to diminishing sales number, earnings fell 69%, and for the first time in 13 years Nike, Inc. had a loss at the end of the year 1998. Alternatives 1.Government regulation of Nike Advantages: a)Local Government would have a closer look onto what is happening in its own country and with their people b)US Government could also have a closer look onto what Nike is doing abroad and would be able to intervene any illegal activity from the motherland c)Both governments would work closer together and it would open doors for other US companies to invest in the foreign country Disadvantages: a)As indicated in the case, some governments just see the money that is brought into the country, regardless what is happening within the company, or better said to its people. b)Ties between the US government and the foreign country might not be the best, due to political tensions, and makes it therefore tougher to work together. 2.Improve employees working and living standards Advantages: a)A happy employee is a better worker improve the employees living standard by raising his wage, giving him more benefits (health insurance, vacation time), lessen his working hours, etc. b)Equal Opportunity give chances to workers to move up the company ladder, and not only bring outside people in. Furthermore, adjust workers compensation, working hours and labor conditions to human standards. c)Extensive training and development for managers All managers should learn foreign countrys language, living habits and adapt to culture. Training the workers on the job will also help to overcome workforce diversity and make the workplace a better place to be. Disadvantages: a)The changes will take time and will be cost effective. b)Adapt to western working habits, might be a huge change for Asian workforce and might not be adapted well 3.Documentation and Inspection Advantages: a)Factories will be supervised, by either the local government or organizations b)Inspections will lead to better working conditions c)Workers will have someone to talk to and will not be left alone Disadvantages: a)Again, organizations might be paid by Nike and not report the whole truth b)Reports from workers might be left alone and not brought up to people in charge Best Alternative The best alternative for Nike, Inc. is to undertake all three alternatives simultaneously. In order to gain back the market share and competitive advantage, their global view has to strengthen. They started off very well by implementing some of the above-mentioned ideas. These alternatives will just help them to become a stronger player in this fast growing and very competitive business world. Implementation Steps The actions, that Nike, Inc. should take are as followed: First they should work on getting their name back into the right spotlight, by implementing the alternatives. The governments will be more than willing to help them and since Nike is recognized all over the world, even the local governments/ countries are keen on keeping them in their country and employ their citizens. This might even bring countries like the USA and Indonesia closer together and more companies from the US will be ready to go to Indonesia and produce there. Secondly, the workers benefits, life standard and work habits are the most important of all of the alternatives. Nike, Inc. should invest most of their research and development in this field, since the wages are still not as they should be. An idea would be to start raising the wages to at least the countrys standard, so that people can live off their earnings a normal life. Nike started successfully the implementation of programs that involved increasing the workers living standard in the developing world, but still the compensation of the worker is the main problem that needs to be taken on right away. Secure working places, no lay-offs and safe working environments should be steps that must be taken immediately, only then we can see the difference and make a worker a happy  and productive employee. Last but not least, Nike should be watched, inspected and documented upon. It will not only help the factories in Vietnam or Indonesia, but also the company itself. Once outside organizations tell Nike where they need to improve on and do it after being told, then the company will also get into the positive spotlight, which will resume in higher sales and more profit. Nike will then be again the strongest contender in supporting and sponsoring universities, pro athletes and teams and most important a company that everybody wants to work for, regardless where.

Altered Reality in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay example --

Altered Reality in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   The world of darkness that Marlow finds himself in is directly comparable to what Leary describes of the bardos (stages) that occur during a drug-induced trip or psychedelic experience. ‘The underlying problem of the Second Bardo is that any and every shape—human, divine, diabolical, heroic, evil, animal, thing—which the human brain conjures up or the past life recalls, can present itself to consciousness: shapes and forms and sounds whirling by endlessly’ (48). An example of such presentation is Marlow’s perception of the jungle as a palpable force that has the power of human gestures. It calls, beckons, lures, etc. Leary writes that accompanying the moment of ego-loss is the perception of ‘wave-energy flow’: ‘the individual becomes aware that he is part of and surrounded by a charged field of energy, which seems almost electrical...the attempt to control or to rationalize this energy flow... is indicative of ego-acti vity and the First Bardo transcendence is lost’ (41). Marlow never loses ego-activity so he never reaches transcendence, but his ego-activity rationalizes his feeling of the physical awareness of the jungle. He colors the Congo dark instead of light and chooses to reject, not embrace, the force of the jungle so his rationalizations are negative and he thinks the force is evil.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The negative, wrathful counterparts to this vision occur if the voyager reacts with fear to the powerful flow of life forms. Such a reaction is attributable to the cumulated result of game playing (karma) dominated by anger or stupidity. A nightmarish hell-world may ensue. The visual forms appear like a confusing chaos of cheap, ugly dime-store objects, brassy, vulgar and useless. The ... ... all truth, and all sincerity, are just compressed into that inappreciable moment of time in which we step over the threshold of the invisible’ (Conrad, 113).    Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. Editor Robert Kimbrough. New York: Norton, 1988. Cox, C. B. Conrad: Heart of Darkness, Nostromo, and Under Western Eyes. London: Macmillan Education Ltd., 1987. Guetti, James. ‘Heart of Darkness and the Failure of the Imagination’, Sewanee Review LXXIII, No. 3 (Summer 1965), pp. 488-502. Ed. C. B. Cox. Leary, Timothy , Metzner, Ralph, Alpert, Richard The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead Ruthven, K. K. ‘The Savage God: Conrad and Lawrence,’ Critical Quarterly, x, nos 1& 2 (Spring and Summer 1968), pp. 41-6. Ed. C. B. Cox. Watts, Cedric. A Preface to Conrad. Essex: Longman Group UK Limited, 1993.  

Mobile Phones are a Menace not a Blessing Essay

Some people think that mobile phones are a complete menace and some think they are a blessing. In this statement I will discuss both sides of this argument. Firstly I will discuss how mobile phones are bad for society and how they are a menace. After this I will discuss how they are a blessing and the good things that they hold. This is a constant issue of debate particularly between this generation and older generations. see more:mobile phones boon or curse essay People believe mobile phones are a menace as they think they have destroyed ‘real’ (face to face) socialising. They believe that because people are constantly in contact with their friends this means that when people meet up in real life they have no socialising skills or cannot hold a conversation the way people used to. A mobile phone can distract you from things that you should be concentrating on. Such as crossing the road, if you mobile goes off in your pocket then you will automatically want to check it, this then takes your attention off crossing a road and could cause you to walk out in front of a car. This can cause a major accident and possibly death. Phones also promote the idea of ‘cyber-bullying’ as people may be able to say things in text form that they couldn’t say face to face. This could also cause fights between friends as one person may take something in a different way than it was meant, sarcasm is something my generation use a lot and it doesn’t travel well via text. Sometimes people get into the way of texting using a text language, where words are shortened to save time. This could then affect your normal spelling for day to day work. Some recent investigations have encouraged the idea that the radio waves given off mobile telephones can produce tumours which therefore cause cancer. On the other hand having a mobile phone can be a great thing. It can help you out in emergencies, say you were stuck somewhere and had no way of contacting anyone, take out your mobile and you have a way of contacting your parents. Mobile phones are a great way of communication to your friends. If something is bothering you all you need to do is text a friend and you have someone to calm you down. Some people say that phones are far too expensive to run. But some of my friends are on excellent deals, Connor gets unlimited free texts after 7.30 and anytime on the weekends, he hardly pays anything. India pays ten pounds a month and gets unlimited free texts and still has ten pounds worth of free calls. Modern phones these days have many many functions. They can be a radio, have the internet, have a music playing function and a camera, they have Bluetooth for sending your friends photos that you have taken very quickly and easily. My Conclusion is that mobile phones are a good advantage to everyday life, you can pick up a simple phones for around fifteen pounds. And then have pay as you go so you manage how much money goes onto your phone at any one time. Personally I find Mobile Phones a great advantage to everyday life. I understand why people may dislike them but I find it unbelievable that they think they are pointless. They are a means of communication even for the school to contact people about sports. If I didn’t have a mobile I would have turned up at school with no one there to tell me a hockey match was cancelled as I was supposed to have found out from a senior player. I believe that mobile telephones are a blessing.

Chanel Analysis Swot, 6 P’s

GAC002 Assessment Event 4: Academic Reseacher Essay| The Fast Food Industry| | | Student’s Name: Alexandra Student ID: QING21632 Teacher: Lynken Ghose Due Date: August 27th 2012 Word Count: 1162 Word Count: 979 Student’s Name: Alexandra Student ID: QING21632 Teacher: Lynken Ghose Due Date: August 27th 2012 Word Count: 1162 Word Count: 979 Question: Define the idea of â€Å"fast food†. How has fast food affected the food industry in China? Has it become a more prevalent or less prevalent force? Would you say its impact has been positive or negative? Please do not offer just a simplistic answer such as – â€Å"positive† or â€Å"negative†.Offer specific reasons including ethical implications, economic implications, and health effect etc. of fast food. With the pace of life speeding up, people increasingly depend on fast food. Many people prefer to eat fast food rather than cook by themselves, because fast food is more convenient and time â€⠀œ saving. In my opinion, people should not depend on fast food too much because fast food’s impact has been negative, as fast food has endangered people’s health, family life, traditional culture, and has even caused ecological change to the environment.Firstly, the safety of fast food ingredients is really worrisome. During the last several years, more and more safety problems of fast food have been exposed by the media. For example, many restaurants add too many preservatives to fast food in order to maintain the freshness of food, or they added varying additives to enrich the taste and look of food. It is really bad for people’s health and many kinds of preservatives and additives are subject to blastomogens, such as tonyred, leavening agent, benzoyl peroxide, and so on.In addition, in order to reduce cost, more and more restaurants choose to use inferior seasonings. For example, industrial salt instead of edible salt is used as seasoning. It is known to us all that the main ingredient of industrial salt is nitrite which is a kind of poisonous and harmful substance and its lethal dose is only 3g (E Hyytia, S Eerola, S Hielm & H Korkeala 1997). Furthermore, some fast food which is subject to acid-forming diet and will lead to the souring of body fluid if people depend on them overly (Cheng, Tsung O. 2004).Then, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and some other elements in our bodies will be neutralized, so more and more children are suffering rickets and other kinds of diseases which are caused by a lack of calcium. Secondly, fast food reduces communication time among family members, so that intimacy is affected. Dinner time is supposed to be a good chance for family members to chat and communicate with each other. After a tiring day of school and the company, children and parents are eager to exchange something interesting or exciting. Not only the time in table, even preparation time and dish washing time should be spent together.Thatâ₠¬â„¢s how family love and happiness is developed. However, with the development of fast food, dinner time has changed into pizza time, coke time and hamburger time. You only need to make a call. They would deliver what you order in fifteen minutes without anytime to enjoy taste of home – made food, the faithful fast food lovers finish the dinner as soon as possible and then take out the remote control, watching football games or soap operas. No wonder parents often complain about strange feelings with children. Thirdly, fast food, especially western fast food, has a negative impact on local traditional culture (Goodman, Peter S. 004). There is no doubt that diet is one part of traditional culture. Take China for example. China is an agricultural country, so Chinese people have always regarded diet as a very important part of life. Chinese people not only care about nutrition, but also love good taste and appearance. As for cooking methods, we can boil, steam, stir, stew and s moke. More importantly, we love quality time when we are sitting with family or friends, chatting and laughing. However, when KFC opened its first restaurant in Beijing on November 12th 1987, traditional culture began to decline.Later, McDonald’s, Pizza Hut, Burger King, Subway entered to China one by one, and they changed the younger generations thinking about food. At the very beginning, Chinese people entered KFC because of curiosity. Later the young generation was attracted by fast food culture. They even regard it as a fashion. The traditional dietary culture can’t have a good development without the support of younger generation. Fourthly, fast food industry is harmful to the environment. The main ingredient of western fast food is meat, including pork, beef and chicken.To produce one pound of meat one needs five pounds of grains. The quantity of water used in animal farming is eight times that of in plant farming. That is to say producing meat uses more resource s. When the globe is having more and more population, resources, such as water, soil and grain, are valuable. We should eat less meat and refuse fast food to protect environment. However, it doesn’t mean that fast food has no advantages. Eating fast food is helpful for us to work efficiently, so, so many people still choose eating fast food as often as they can.In addition, many people, especially young people, regard eating in western fast food restaurant as a kind of symbol of taste. Since young people don’t have much money, they can’t afford fancy restaurants. When they eat out, they have to choose between small Chinese restaurants and western fast food restaurants. When they enter these small restaurants, they often see greasy floor and tables, smell smoking air and hear noisy talking. But things are quite different in western fast food restaurants. You will be served with clean floor, warm smile and peaceful environment.That’s why young people would choose to meet friends, review their lesson and surf the Internet there. Because of these factors, western fast food restaurants have become a symbol of style and class. However, their idea goes against the purpose of fast food. Fast food is supposed to save time, but when they are surfing the Internet or chatting with friends, they are wasting too much time. Reference Cheng, Tsung O. 2004. Fast food, automobiles, television, and obesity epidemic in Chinese children. International Journal of Cardiology. 98 (1): 173-174. Goodman, Peter S. 2004.Fast Food Takes a Bite Out of Chinese Culture. Washington Post, December 26. Patricia M Anderson & Xiaohong He (1999), Culture and the Fast – Food Marketing Mix in the People’s Republic of China and the USA: Implication for Research and Marketing: Vol 11. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 1: 77 – 95. Available at: http://www. tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10. 1300/J046v11n01_06 E Hyytia, S Eerola, S Hielm & H Korkeala (1997), Sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate in control of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum outgrowth and toxigenesis in vacuum-packed cold-smoked rainbow trout. Online]. Available at: http://journals. indexcopernicus. com/abstracted. php? icid=756375 S Rice, E J McAllister and N V Dhurandhar (2007), International Journal of obesity Fast food: friendly? [Online]. Available at: http://www. nature. com/ijo/journal/v31/n6/abs/0803580a. html Rasooly, Avraham and Herold, Keith E (2006), Biosensors for the Analysis of Food- and Waterborne Pathogens and Their Toxins[Online]. Available at: http://www. ingentaconnect. com/content/aoac/jaoac/2006/00000089/00000003/art00034#aff_2

Lockes Second Treatise of Civil Government Essays

Lockes Second Treatise of Civil Government Essays Lockes Second Treatise of Civil Government Paper Lockes Second Treatise of Civil Government Paper Essay Topic: Second Treatise of Government For example, Lockers Second Treatise of Call Government contains his analysis of human nature. While keeping individuals in mind, Locke proposes certain regulations necessary for a functioning government. Lockers treatise is primarily a reflection of the Protestant Ethic and its correlation to administration. The Second Treatise of Civil Government discusses a nation of peace and safety, a society based on equality, and a country that with all of Its individuals still maintains a sense of unity. The Protestant Ethic states that persons must be rational. Consequently, Locke believes that a functioning moonwalks requires thinking reasonably and following the rules set forth by common authority. The legal systems that were put in place had to be done so carefully and skillfully. Citizens feared being taken advantage of and controlled by authority, so any changes that would take place had to keep in mind the effects the Old Regime had on its community. The Protestant Ethic evolved during a period when a growing number of people were growing skeptical to those In control. Locke clearly Illustrates that to ensure the authorities dont abuse their power the need for a man to give consent before each of the laws or punishments are carried out. The Second Treatise of Civil Government is a reflection of the peoples fear of injustices imposed by those in power. In Lockers viewpoint, authorities as well as citizens must agree to follow all laws regardless of social rank. In direct correlation to the growing skepticism of authority, Locke discusses the necessity of a man being guaranteed liberty. Man being born, as has been proved, with a title to perfect freedom, and an uncontrolled enjoyment of all the rights and privileges of the law of nature, equally with any other man Liberty means that man has free range to be an individual. The citizens demand the freedom of individuality because they feel as though they deserve to be able to do whatever they want when they want to do it (as long as they didnt inhibit another man). In order for this idea to work, Locke assumes that people have the capacity to behave sensibly and think logically. Perhaps the key component to both Lockers Second Treatise of Call Government and the Protestant Ethic described by Weber is the necessity of rationality. Weber states rationality is the key element of a functioning nation, powerful incentive to achieve worldly success by carrying out their calling or duty to promote the social welfare. If people were behaving rationally, they would realize that they had to do whatever it meant as an individual to benefit the group as a whole. In order for social welfare to succeed people need to think logically. Rationality Is key to the functioning and creation of a tangling commonwealth wader Turner explains Tanat In order Tort a person to live, en or she must be a part of a community. Locke also argues the necessity of people feeling that he or she belongs to a group. As quoted in The Second Treatise, such a fife as our nature doth desire, a life fit for the dignity of man; therefore to supply those defects and imperfections which are in us, as living single and solely by ourselves, we are naturally induced to seek communion and fellowship with others. Humans cannot survive alone. The only way for a person to stay alive is to give consent that they belong to a group. Living as a part of a group requires there be guidelines. These guidelines are imposed as laws to ensure the safety of its citizens. In the preface of his Treatise Locke states, l suppose no body hereafter will have either the confidence to appear against our common safety. It is this preface that lays the foundation for the remainder of his document, this idea of a society based on the word common. Previously in early Europe a commoner was to be regarded as a place in society one desired. This common place one held was always at the very bottom of the social order. As the nation progressed this group, which made up the majority of the population, took bold steps to legitimate their place in the social order. The word common is repeated countless times throughout Lockers treatise and correlates directly with the Protestant Ethic. Max Weber characterizes the Protestant Ethic by stating, this new ethos was an essential component of a long term cultural transformation that dramatically changed the way individuals defined themselves in relation to their society. It is not so much coincidence as it is the new mindset of people that evokes modification within a given community. Locke claims that once mindsets change, everyone must re-evaluate their place on the social ladder. Many changes were taking place at the time the Protestant Ethic spread throughout Europe. It is obvious that Locke would be aware of the Calvinist ideas and how they affected European society. There are many connections between Lockers Second Treatise and the foundational characteristics of the Protestant Ethic.

Grow Your Own Multicolor Mineral Crystal Specimen

Grow Your Own Multicolor Mineral Crystal Specimen Natural minerals need millions of years to form, but you can make a homemade mineral in just a few days using inexpensive ingredients you can get at a home supply store. The chemicals grow different colors of crystals, which look like a geological specimen. The result is pretty enough to showcase at home or in the lab. Homemade Mineral Materials alum or chrome alumcopper sulfateborax or boric acidwaterfood coloring (optional)rock or other material for a base Regular white alum is sold as a kitchen spice. If you use this alum, youll want to add food coloring to grow colored crystals or you can stick with the natural clear crystals. Chrome alum (also known as chromium alum or potassium chromium sulfate) is available online and grows natural purple crystals. If you have both chemicals, you can mix them to produce natural lavender-colored crystals. Copper sulfate grows naturally blue crystals. It is sold either as a pure chemical online or as a root killer at a home supply store. Check the label to make sure copper sulfate is the ingredient. The product will look like a blue powder or granules. Boric acid is sold as an insecticide (roach killer) or disinfectant powder. Borax is sold as a laundry booster. The white powder of either chemical produces delicate white crystals. Procedure Growing a homemade mineral specimen is a multi-step process. Youll grow one layer of crystals on a rock, let the specimen dry, then grow another layer of a different chemical, let it dry, and grow the third layer to complete the project. First, find a rock and a container just large enough that you can add liquid to cover the rock completely. You dont want too big of a container or youll have to make up a lot of each crystal solution. Make up the crystal growing solutions one at a time, as you need them. In all cases, the procedure for preparing the solution is the same. Dissolve as much chemical as you can in boiling hot water. Add food coloring, if desired.Filter the solution through a paper towel or coffee filter to remove any sediment.Allow the solution to cool slightly so you dont burn yourself and dont accidentally dissolve any pre-existing crystals (for the second and third crystal sets).Place the rock or other substrate in a container. Pour the solution into the container until the rock is covered.Allow crystals to grow overnight or for a couple of days (until you are pleased with them). Then carefully remove the rock and place it on a paper towel to dry. Empty the container of solution and let it dry.When the rock is dry, return it to the empty container and add the next crystal solution. While you can grow the crystals in any order, my recommendation is to start with the alum, followed by the copper sulfate, and finally the borax. In any case, Id do borax last because the crystals are relatively fragile. Once the mineral specimen is complete, allow it to air dry. Once it is dry, you can display it. Over time, changes in the humidity of a room will alter the appearance of the crystals. If you wish to store the crystals, gently wrap them in paper to help keep the humidity stable. Alum Solution Recipe 5 tablespoons alum1 cup very hot water Copper Sulfate Recipe Copper sulfate saturation is highly dependent on water temperature. Determine how much water you need to fill your container. Heat it in a kettle or microwave until it boils. Keep stirring in copper sulfate until no more will dissolve. There will be undissolved material in the bottom of the container that you can filter out using a paper towel. Boric Acid or Borax Recipe Stir boric acid or borax into very hot tap water until no more will dissolve. Additional Crystals To Grow If three colors isnt enough for you, you can add delicate needle-like crystals of Epsom salts or red potassium ferricyanide crystals.

Rhetorical Essay about the book SULA by Toni Morrison

Rhetorical about the book SULA by Toni Morrison - Essay Example Overall, the story revolves around Nel and Sula and how their friendship transforms over years. The main arguments presented include those regarding friendship, faithfulness, disloyalty, and forgiveness. Over time, the forms of friendship are shown to change. Initially, the book presents Nel and Sula to be very good friends. Nel is brought up by her mother so that she is well mannered and an obedient daughter. Nel does not like the way her mother treats her. It is mentioned in the book that Nel likes Sula’s house better as her mother is not scolding or screaming at her (Morrison 29). On the other hand, Sula does not like her mother as she sleeps with other men, and doubts her mother even likes her. One day Sula finds out her mother does not like her either. She feels sad and channels her grievance to Nel whom she feels really close to. In an attempt to be someone different than her mother – who sleeps around with many different married men – Sula eventually becom es more like her mother later on. Sula did not like her mother’s attitude and talks to Nel about it. After Nel gets married to Jude, Sula leaves the Bottom and returns after years. Initially, it seems as if Sula is very happy to meet her again and they are good friends until Nel finds Sula and her husband cheating on her. Nel who already has three children from Jude is extremely sad at seeing her very good friend with her husband. Jude decides to leave Nel after being caught with Sula (Morrison 105). Nel feels devastated and feels like crying, but the way she had been brought up does not allow her to show her emotions openly. The way Nel and Sula’s friendship slides as a result of the sudden change in Sula’s personality after years seems hurtful and illustrates the impermanence of friendship. Another argument made is that regarding betrayal and disloyalty not only in the conventional sense but also inadvertently happening and resulting in the characters getting hurt. Betrayal is obvious at various places. After Sula hears her mother saying that she does not like her, she feels said and betrayed. Her communication with Nel is good and she is able to share her thoughts with Nel. Nel and Sula had always been really good friends and after Sula returns 20 years later to the Bottom, Nel seems to be betrayed by Sula for being selfish and taking her husband away from her. Later, when Sula dies, Nel feels guilty of not having been a good friend and not having understood Sula. The story ends with a grieving Nel who finally forgives Sula. In another part of the book, Nel and Sula experience the death of a little boy named Chicken Little. Both Nel and Sula were swinging Chicken Little by the river when his hand slipped and he went underwater (Morrison 170). In a desperate need for help, Sula runs to Shadrack, but all he has to say is â€Å"always.† She gets afraid and both girls decide not to tell anyone about what happened. Sula feels guilty, but Nel reassures her that it was not her fault but was merely an accident. However, Sula seems to have taken the blame, and this causes her to change for good. Years after Sula’s death, Nel goes to visit her grandmother who says that she saw Nel letting Chicken Little drown. Sula’s grandmother blames both of them for his death. Later Nel does realize that it was really her fault as she enjoyed watching him drown rather than